Chiquita Brands Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chiquita Brands Inc - Research Paper Example Corporate Ethics The strategy for business ethics in Chiquita Brands was begun in 1998 when the company engaged the professional services of SmithOBrien to craft and implement a CSR policy for the company. The first comprehensive CSR report was released in 2004. (SmithOBrien website). Chiquita Brands’ corporate commitment speaks of the corporate values of integrity, respect, opportunity and responsibility as the embodiment of what they are and what they do. The company defines integrity as ethical and lawful business communicated in an open and straightforward manner (Kotler and Lee, 2005). Respect is seen as fair and respectable treatment of people. They recognize that the growth and development of their employees is the key to the company’s success. They take pride in their services and make sure that these exceed customer expectations. As much as they uphold the primacy of their customers, they recognize that their accountability is to all stakeholders, including emp loyees, suppliers, shareholders, communities and the world. (Chiquita website). At Chiquita Brands, corporate social responsibility is an integral part of their global business strategy. They make it a point to live up to the requirements of SA 8000, one of the more credible and verifiable social accountability standards (developed by Social Accountability International), by regularly including the SAI assessment in their corporate responsibility reports. Their openness on issues about their social, environmental and financial performance is highlighted in these reports. (Chiquita website). As part of their pursuit of these corporate commitments, Chiquita Brands has implemented an anti-retaliation policy to encourage the reporting or raising of concerns about potential misconduct and other ethical issues. This policy is available in six key languages to make sure it is understood by employees, contractors and vendors in most Chiquita locations. (Chiquita website). CSR Issues Involvi ng Chiquita Brands Notwithstanding the implementation of a corporate responsibility policy sometime after 1998, a number of violations or infringements resembling CSR violations have been reported and documented involving Chiquita Brands. On of these was the conviction of Chiquita Brands in 2007 by a US court of illegal financial dealing with Colombian terrorists in the form of â€Å"protection money† during the period 2001-2004. $25 Million Fine The court slapped a fine of $25 Million and five-year probation, and was required to hire a permanent compliance officer. Under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the fine would have been almost $100 Million, but the court rendered a much lesser penalty in consideration of Chiquita’s self-disclosure and full cooperation (Annual Report 2010). The situation in Colombia is atypical of businesses engaged in landed estates for their production, as in banana production. Where the country is under-developed and the econ omy is struggling, this would have been an ideal location to operate a wide-area plantation because of the low cost of agricultural work (Vellema, 1999). Protection Money Most such areas, however, are characterized by the presence of insurgents who are also members of the local community and who feed on instigating for peasant rights, as in Panama and the Philippines (Vellema, 1999). There is no way an organization

Critical Reasoning and Information Analysis Essay

Critical Reasoning and Information Analysis - Essay Example The more we learn about neuroscience, the more we understand that information literacy is a fundamental aspect of the human brain (Kandel & Squire 2000), and that humans are simply more naturally adapted to understanding certain things (like personal experience) than others (like numerical data). This sheds light on why we understand the world in the way we do. Like neuroscience, information technology is a growing field that is having a growing impact on the world. Firstly, it, for the first time, gives humans a different kind of intelligence to compare ours to: we can understand ourselves by seeing how different or similar computers are when serving different functions (Schellhammer 2008). Furthermore, information technologies like the internet are giving humans a broader understanding of our identity as going past small scale, tribal allegiances, because they allow for much more communication over large ranges. This communication is incredibly important, because social understandings play an important role in critical thinking. There are many cases where one’s social or cultural atmosphere have drastic impacts on the way they understand the world. Firstly, we pay a great deal more attention to those things that happen in proximity to us: which includes both personal actions, and friends. That means that problems that are common in one’s social group, for instance, will appear disproportionately larger than a more important problem that happens to people that are unrelated to you. This bias can cloud critical thinking, and must be avoided. The problem is, however, that other ways of understanding the world (such as universal laws of logic) do not function much better. This is because we are hard-wired to pay less attention to logic than emotions, as emotions played a more important role in our evolutionary history. So while universal logic might seem important at understanding things in a globalized society, it can often be ignored.

Lab Report: Diffusion and Osmosis

Lab Report: Diffusion and Osmosis Hypothesis and Prediction: This lab was done to examine and comprehend how diffusion and osmosis works in diverse molarity of sucrose. Also how the solutions permeates through different mediums. Methods: Part A: Diffusion and Osmosis: A 30 cm piece of 2.5 cm dialysis that has been soaked in water was obtained. The beginning of tubing was tied off, forming a bag with an open end that was rubbed between the fingers till separated. 15mL of the 15% glucose and 1% starch solution was placed into the bag and the ending of the dialysis bag was tied off, leaving some space for the development of the content within the dialysis bag. The color of the solution was recorded and was tested for the presence of glucose. Distilled water was poured into a 250 mL beaker (two-thirds of a cup) with about 4mL of Lugols solution (IKI). The color of the sucrose in the beaker was recorded and was tested for glucose. The dialysis bag was then submerged into the beaker of solution and left to stand for about 30 minutes (or until there was a color change in the dialysis bag or beaker).Once the bag was done soaking in the beaker, the final color of the solution in the bag and the beaker was recorded. The liquid in the bag and the beaker was then tested for the existence of glucose. Part B: Osmosis Six strips of 30 cm presoaked dialysis tubing were obtained. For each strip, an end was tied and roughly 25 mL of different solutions (distilled water, 0.2 M sucrose, 0.4 M sucrose, 0.6 M sucrose, 0.8 M sucrose and 1.0 M sucrose) was poured into their individual bags. Most of the remaining air was then removed from each bag by bringing the bag between two fingers and tied off at the opened end. The outside of each bag was then bathed to wash away any sucrose that spilled when filling the bag. The exterior of each bag was then blotted and the initial mass of each bag was weighed and recorded. Distilled water was then filled into six 250 mL beakers. Each bag was then emerged into one of the six filled beaker and the beakers were labeled by which bag of solution was emerged in it. The bags stood in the beaker for half an hour. When the time was up, each bag was removed, blotted and the mass of each bag was recorded. The mass difference was calculated and then using the equation: Percent change in mass = Final Mass – Initial Mass/Initial Mass x 100. The individual and the class average of the percent change in mass were then graphed. Part C: Water Potential 100 mL of the given solution was poured into six different labeled 250 mL beaker. The potato was then sliced into discs that were just about 3 cm thick. A cork borer (about 5 mm in diameter) was then used to cut four potato cylinders for each beaker, a total of 24 potato cores. Until the mass of cores were weighed by fours and recorded, the potato cores were kept in a covered beaker. Four cores were then put into each beaker of sucrose solution. Plastic wrap was then given to cover the beakers, preventing evaporation when left to stand overnight. The next day, the cores were then removed from the beakers and were blotted gently on a paper towel. Their total mass was then determined and recorded. The mass difference was calculated and then using the equation: Percent change in mass = Final Mass – Initial Mass/Initial Mass x 100. The individual and the class average of the percent change in mass were then graphed. Part D: Calculation of Water Potential from Experimental Data Determine the solute, pressure and water potential of the sucrose solution given and answer the questions about the possibility if zucchini cores were used with the sucrose solutions. Results: Part A: Diffusion and Osmosis Table 1.1-Presence of Glucose in Water through a Dialysis Bag Initial Contents Solution Color Presence of Glucose Initial Final Initial Final BAG 15% GLUCOSE and 1% STARCH Clear Clear Yes Yes BEAKER H20 + IKI Yellow (an olive oil color) Clear No Yes Part B: Osmosis Table 1.2: Individual Data of Change in Mass of Six Different Dialysis Bags Contents in Dialysis Bag Initial Mass Final Mass Mass Difference Percent Change in Mass a) distilled water 18.15 g 14.76 g 3.39 g -18.68% b) 0.2 M 19.40 g 17.33 g 2.07 g -10.67% c) 0.4 M 18.87 g 19.37 g -0.5 g 2.65% d) 0.6 M 19.83 g 19.68 g -0.15 g -0.5% e) 0.8 M 21.91 g 20.05 g -0.869 g -8.2% f) 1.0 M 18.78 g 18.07 g -0.71 g -3.7% Table 1.3: Class Data of Percent Change in Mass of Dialysis Bags Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Total Class Average Distilled Water -18.68% -2.2% -7.0% -7.2% -35.1 -8.8% 0.2 M -10.67% -22.3% -5.2% 1.8% -36.4% -9.1% 0.4 M 2.65% 6.2% 2.5% 3.9% 15.3% 3.8% 0.6 M -0.76% -3.8% -4.0% -6.55% -15.2% -3.8% 0.8 M -4.1% -26.3% -1.6% -3.78% -35.95% -8.95% 1.0 M -3.78% -3.27% -8.7% -29.4% -45.2% -11.3% Group 2, 4, 6 and 8 do not have any data for distilled water, 0.2M Sucrose, and 0.4M Sucrose and group 1, 3, 4 and 7 do not have any data for 0.6M Sucrose, 0.8M Sucrose and 1.0M Sucrose because of the lack of time. So, group 1 and 2 were paired up, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, and 7 and 8 to exchange data. Part C: Water Potential Table 1.4: Individual Data of Change in Mass of Potato Cores in Six Different Sucrose Solution Contents in Beaker Initial Mass Final Mass Mass Difference Percent Change in Mass Class Average % Change in Mass a) Distilled Water 2.39g 2.95g 0.56g 23.4% 23.3% b) 0.2M Sucrose 2.41g 2.69g 0.28g 11.6% 8.4% c) 0.4M Sucrose 2.47g 2.38g -0.09g -3.6% -3.7% d) 0.6M Sucrose 2.33g 1.98g -0.35g -15.0% -13.5% e) 0.8M Sucrose 2.46g 2.05g -0.41g -16.7% -19.9% f) 1.0M Sucrose 2.49g 1.95g -0.54g -21.7% -20.8% Table 1.5: Class Data of Percent Change in Mass of Potato Cores in Six Different Sucrose Solution Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Total Class Average Distilled Water 23.4% 18.9% 23.2% 27.5% 93% 23.3% 0.2M 11.6% 6.8% 5.0% 10.1% 33.5% 8.4% 0.4M -3.6% -3.7% -7.0% -0.4% -14.7% -3.7% 0.6M -15.02% -13.5% -11.16% -14.3% -54% -13.5% 0.8M -16.67% -22.5% -20.33% -20.2% -79.7% -19.9% 1.0M -21.69% -24.3% -24.39% -12.9% -83.3% -20.8% Group 2, 4, 6 and 8 do not have any data for distilled water, 0.2M Sucrose, and 0.4M Sucrose and group 1, 3, 4 and 7 do not have any data for 0.6M Sucrose, 0.8M Sucrose and 1.0M Sucrose because of the lack of time. So, group 1 and 2 were paired up, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, and 7 and 8 to exchange data. Part D: Calculation of Water Potential from Experimental Data Analysis: Part A: Diffusion and Osmosis From table 1.1 in this part of the lab, it is seen that IKI is flowing into the bag and glucose is flowing out of the bag. That is because of diffusion and osmosis. Knowing of this process is due to the color transformation of the bag, therefore showing that IKI has penetrated the bag. By testing the beaker for the existence of glucose, it was found that the glucose permeated through the dialysis bag, mixing with the IKI and H2O in the beaker. This is possible because as stated osmosis is a branched off form of diffusion, in which it is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane and glucose is one of the substance that is able to go through. IKI along with glucose is tiny enough to enter and exit the dialysis bag. Part B: Osmosis Both the individual and class data of percent change in mass is shown in graph 1.1. To receive the percent change in mass, the initial mass was subtracted from the final mass. The difference is then divided by the initial mass and 100 is then multiplied to the quotient. The product is then the percent change in mass. Osmosis is present due to the change in mass of the dialysis bag. The mass is different for each bag because of the sucrose in the bags different molarity. That establishes the amount of water that progresses in and out of the bag, which then changes the mass. Part C: Water Potential From testing the potato cores in different sucrose solution, graph 1.2 illustrates that on the best fit line, the molar concentration of sucrose, the sucrose molarity that shows the mass of the potato cores does not change, is 0.4M. So the lower the concentration of the molar concentration of sucrose, the percentage of the potato cores mass increases and anything with a higher concentration of the molar concentration of sucrose the percentage in the potato cores mass decreases. This is all because molecules of any sucrose with a higher concentration of 0.4M are too great to enter or exit into the potato cores. Part D: Calculation of Water Potential from Experimental Data It is given that the solute potential of the sucrose solution is calculated by using ψs= iCRT. ÃŽ ¨s is the solute potential, the variable â€Å"i† represents the ionization constant, variable â€Å"C† signifies the molar concentration, variable â€Å"R† standing for the pressure constant (R= 0.0831 liter bars/mole oK), T is the temperature oK (273+ oC of solution). Since it is the solute potential of sucrose that must be found, â€Å"i† is 1.0, due to the fact that sucrose does not ionize in water. From the information of â€Å"i†, â€Å"C† is determined to be 1.0 mole/liter. So the problem that has 1.0M sugar solution at 22 oC under atmospheric conditions would be answered like this: Since the formula is ψs= iCRT, then when filling in for the variables the equation is now: ÃŽ ¨s= -(1)(1.0mole/liter)(0.0831 liter bar/ mole oK) (273+22) à   ψs =-24.51 bars The water potential can then be figured out by the formula: ψ = ψp + ψs. By being able to solve for the solute potential, the product would then be used to solve for the water potential. And from the knowledge of knowing that the water pressure, ψp, is equal to zero the formula filled out would turn out as: ψ=0 + (-24.51 bars) à   ψ = -24.51 bars From the graph of the percent change in mass of zucchini cores in different sucrose solution at 27 oC after 24 hours it can be concluded that the molar concentration of solute within the zucchini cell is 0.35 moles. From knowing the molar concentration of solute within the zucchini cell, the solute and water potential can be answered. Solute Potential= -1(0.35moles/liter)(0.0831 liter bar/mole oK)(273 +27) à   = -8.73 bars Water Potential= 0 + (-8.73) à   = -8.73 bars This is an important piece of information because by knowing the water potential, it is possible to predict the direction of the flow of water. Water flows from an area of a higher water potential to and area of lower water potential; so if the information of the water potential of the solution in the beaker which the zucchinis were soaked was given, the information of where the water flows would be known. Conclusion: This lab was to understand how diffusion and osmosis worked. The data that was received was consistent at some times. For part A and D of the lab, the results and calculations were consistent, but part B and C showed little consistency. That is because part B and C when comparing the percent change in mass with others, the numbers varied. The difference of the mass was changed, for it maybe misleading, into percentage, there eliminating any size factor and to compare the results. Though when comparing the percents with one another, some of the difference was too great to receive any accurate data. Some possibilities that may have altered the outcome of the results include the ends of the dialysis bags not being tied correctly, the inaccuracy of pouring the solutions, not a thorough cleaning of the outside of the dialysis bag and incorrect calculation and measurements. This lab can be modified to get a more consistent data by wearing gloves when working with the solutions, so when one is done pouring and tying the dialysis bag, gloves can be removed to reduce any chance of the solution being on the outside of the bag. A more accurate and precise measurement of the solution and the tightness and method of tying the ends of the bags can be arranged to be the same. With those alterations to the lab, the chance of a more consistent data is higher. Should Humans Be Blamed For Global Warming? Should Humans Be Blamed For Global Warming? Global warming is the next big impact that will bring about a change in the weather patterns. By definition, Global Warming is the increase in average temperature that gradually warms the Earths atmosphere. It is a phenomenon, which has been on the rise but in the last century, the increase in the levels have been alarming (George Christodoulou, 2006).Global warming has caused a lot of changes to the environment in a negative manner. According to the study by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is observed that the increase in global average temperature has been caused due to an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations (Slashman, 2007). Global warming can have many causes, but it is most commonly associated with human interference, specifically the release of excessive amounts of greenhouse gases (EPA, 2006).It is either caused by humans or natural causes. Global warming is no more a myth but a fast approaching reality, which in the long-term will bring the much feared ice age that will wipe out all living organisms on Earth. The latest IPCC report states widespread mass losses from glaciers and reductions in snow cover over recent decades are projected to accelerate throughout the 21st century, reducing water availability, hydropower potential, and changing seasonality of flows in regions supplied by melt water from major mountain ranges (e.g. Hindu-Kush, Himalaya, Andes), where more than one-sixth of the world population currently lives (Geneva, 2010). Global warming has caused a major increase of heat towards the earths atmosphere and it is still affecting us till today due to numerous human activities. Although some people think that global warming happens due to natural factors, it is scientifically proven that humans are responsible for global warming. The purpose of this paper is to point out the irresponsible people causing global warming and not to blame the natural factor for global. There are many scientific and logical factors of global warming that are caused by human activities. The main factor is due to the depletion of ozone layer of the atmosphere which happens in the stratosphere which is 30 miles above the earth. What is the function of the ozone layer? The ozone layer protects the earth from radiating ultraviolet (UV) rays. The ozone is made up from oxygen molecules named triatomic oxygen. The ozone molecules or the triatomic oxygen will absorb the UV rays. Eventually the triatomic oxygen will split into diatomic oxygen and a monoxide. This process is repeated as the monoxide combines with diatomic oxygen to produce ozone molecules back and protects. Thus, this helps to protect UV rays from entering the earths atmosphere. The UV rays will heat up the earth as it penetrates through directly without the shield of ozone layer. Every time 1% of the ozone layer is depleted, 2% more UV-B is able to reach the surface of the planet (Miller, G. Tyler Jr., 1987). The thinning of ozone layer happens due to human activities on the earths surface by burning and releasing harmful gases. As the ozone layer becomes thinner the UV rays will be trapped inside the earths atmosphere, therefore our earth becomes hotter. The shine of UV rays may cause skin cancer. In addition, it also dries up the earth and causes drought. Moreover it is because of the release of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases the ozone layer depletes. Human being use air conditioners to make the hot environment cooler, but what they dont seem to realize is that they are making the atmosphere even hotter. Air conditioners releases CFC gas when it is turned on. Besides that, refrigerators also release CFC gases when the doors are opened. The CFC gas will react with the ozone layer. The triatomic oxygen will be split and the chlorine atom from CFC will combine with the diatomic oxygen gas. This will produce chlorine monoxide. Referring to the statement above, there will be no chance of the oxygen to recombine to form ozone molecules. As a result a hole is created in the ozone layer. Slowly they start infiltrating into the upper layers of the atmosphere and soon reach the ozone rich stratosphere, where they undergo major chemical changes (H. Khemani, 2010). The CFC gas will soon disintegrate and the chlorine atom will react with the ozone molecule and changes to oxygen molecule. As soon as the ozone layer changes to oxygen molecule the ozone layer will be depleted. The most shocking fact about CFCs is that they have exceptionally long atmospheric life which, in certain cases, even extends to 100 years. This means that if CFC refrigerants are leaked in the atmosphere, they will keep depleting the ozone layer for the next 100 years to come (H. Khemani, 2010). There are other materials used by humans that release CFC gas such as chemical sprays and the burning of Styrofoam materials. Furthermore, the increase of carbon dioxide level leads to climatic changes. Humans are the main people to emit green house gasses to the environment. They emit them in a variety of ways. The combustion of fossil fuel by human activities releases green house gases which is carbon dioxide and others. When there is an increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the air, the amount of heat captured by the carbon dioxide also increases (Bidisha Mukherjee, 2010). As the amount of carbon dioxide level increases in the atmosphere, heat is trapped inside the atmosphere and causes warming of the earth. Moreover, coal-burning of power plants also increases the carbon level in the atmosphere. Burning coal produces about 9 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year which is released to the atmosphere, and about 70% of this is being generated from power plants (World-Nuclear.org, 2011). In addition factories emit more smoke and harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and oxide. These g ases do not only increase the temperature of the environment but causes harm to humans and animals. In addition to that, the burning of gasoline from transportation also contributes to global warming on a large- scale. Burning of gasoline will increase the amount of carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a very harmful gas that it can cause death to living organisms on earth. This gas can react with other atoms to be more harmful. For example, it can combine an oxygen atom to produce carbon dioxide. By combining energy is needed and heat is produced. Dusts are also accumulated in the atmosphere which can trap the heat. Smog is another form of cloud of carbon which is also related to accumulation of heat in the atmosphere. Besides that, Brazil and Indonesia, which contain the worlds two largest surviving regions of rain forest, are being stripped at an alarming rate by logging, fires, and land-clearing for agriculture and cattle-grazing (NationalGeographic.com, 2011). Human activities of depleting forest illegally have caused a major climate change to the environment. Men nowadays are selfish and do things on their own for selfish benefits. They want to upgrade the economy of the country with the improvement of technology. The usage of land for development of buildings makes them to cut down forests uncontrolled. Besides, illegal deforestation for exporting logs to other countries for business purpose causes global warming. Trees are needed to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the environment. By deforestation, the land is barren and exposed. Therefore, the earth will eventually get hotter. Excessive cutting of trees in forests for urban use and other purposes like buildings is detrimental to the environmental balance (Manali Oak ,2011). Another point related to this argument is the role of politicians who carry activities for the nations benefits that politicians play a role in global warming too. Even those politicians who are courageous enough to fight for action on the issue are not telling us the whole truth (Mark Jeantheau, 2004).The government is not responsible for the occurrence of global warming. They do not take any action towards illegal people who cause global warming and are mostly money minded. On their mind they always think of bribery and do not think about the effects of global warming. Public are not aware of this phenomena and take it easy. Government should be blamed for this for not educating the public about the effects of global warming and point out the consequences. So global warming happens due to the irresponsible activities of humans can lead to negative consequences. On the other hand opponent argues more by supporting that carbon dioxide released are not by human activities but natural phenomenon. Carbon dioxide is a natural source from the environment itself. As a natural phenomenon volcanoes rupture and emit carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide to the environment and causes a lot of negative impacts regarding global warming. Water vapors are also released which is the most hazardous gas to humans and the environment. Our studies show that globally, volcanoes on land and under the sea release a total of about 200 million tonnes of CO2 annually (hvo.wr.usgs.gov ,2007 ). Besides volcano eruptions, natural burning of forest or called forest fires release carbon dioxide in a drastic level to the environment. Forest fires happen spontaneously due to overheat and not by people. Sometimes forest fires can be spontaneous due to hot and dry weather (Chandramita Bora,2010).Moreover, forest fires happen when the weather is thundering and storming. The lightning carries high voltage current. As the current hits the trees a small spark created would light up a leaf and spread the fire to the whole forest. There are no ways for fire fighters or other rescue teams to put out the fire due to high temperatures. The carbon level of the environment increases drastically and causes haze also. The heat of the earth goes up tremendously. It can increase the level of greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons), and thereby increase pollution and global warming (Chandramita Bora,2010). The opponent says humans are not the only people who emit carbon dioxide by exhaling them but animals do too. It is wrong to say humans are to be blamed alone for global warming. Humans are not responsible for the increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide on global scale. Furthermore, carbon dioxide does not have a long life time. Instead of pinning an absolute value on the atmospheric lifetime of CO2, the 2007 report describes its gradual dissipation over time, saying, About 50% of a CO2 increase will be removed from the atmosphere within 30 years, and a further 30% will be removed within a few centuries due to the plants and others (Mason Inman, 2008).It is only temporary and if it would be blamed that it is going to affect the future generation which is wrong. In addition to that, a meteorological scientist named William Kininmonth (2004) explains that climatic change occurs due to natural phenomenon and not by human activities. The assumption of a climate system forced primarily by the radiation effects of greenhouse gases is a limited perspective of the complex climate system. (William Kininmonth ,2004). Climate scientists cannot prove that the current warming is not due to natural processes and therefore cannot claim with certainty that the warming is due to human interference. However, the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) disproves global warming by human activities. MWP is a natural phenomenon and the MWP was a time of warm climate in Europe. So, human activities have nothing to do with the global warming, as evident from the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). The ice age is not due to global warming as mentioned by scientist. There will be a new prediction of ice age where it is a natural phenomenon not caused by humans that contributes global warming. The supporter refutes the opponents argument by giving explanations that very little carbon dioxide is caused by volcanic rupture. There are no proves that volcanoes emit more carbon dioxide and it is a myth. There have been volcanic eruptions so massive that they covered vast areas in lava more than a kilometre thick and appear to have released enough CO2 to warm the planet after the initial cooling caused by the dust ( Catherine Brahic , 2007). Volcanoes emit carbon dioxide naturally as it a natural cycle of the phenomenon. Furthermore, there are not many volcanoes around the world and it only ruptures after a long period. Besides that, the supporters argue more on the point of forest fires. Forest fires are mainly caused by human activities like clearing and burning for starting plantations to produce cash crops like oil palm , rubber and sugar cane. Throwing of cigarettes by hunters or campers, creating camp fires and picnics causes light ups of fire and would put up fire on the forest. Even though, carbon dioxide has a life-time, it still can contribute heat to the environment for a certain period. Climate changes are due to human activities on a large-scale. Humans burns fossil fuel like coals openly, followed by spraying aerosols which could damage the environment, cement manufacture factories releases smog and artificial harmful gases which changes the climate and causes global warming. As a conclusion of this argument about should humans be blamed for global warming, it can be strongly mentioned that humans are to be blamed mostly. Natural factors do contribute to global warming but it is minimal. In order to prevent global warming from occurring, governments should take more drastic measures on this matter and do awareness campaigns among their countries. As a concluding statement for this topic humans are to be blamed for the cause of global warming. (2282 words)

Optimizing Chloroquine to Make a Better Drug to Fight Malaria Essay

Optimizing Chloroquine to Make a Better Drug to Fight Malaria Abstract: Malaria has haunted man for centuries. Humanities experiments in drugs allowed for the discovery of chloroquine, perhaps the most successful cure against the parasitic infection. However, a new strain of malaria, plasmodium falciparum, has proven to be resistant against chloroquine and other cures we have for this virulent disease. Should man then cast aside this antique drug? Not before trying to optimize it to once again combat malaria. There has been a disease that has never been completely assessed nor understood, yet it has been a scourge to humanity for centuries. Consequently, it has never quite been fought off. Malaria has haunted man for millennium, and even today we are really unable to claim conquest over it, as it still infects millions of victims every year, killing close to a million each year (WebMed). How then has malaria been nearly eradicated in North America and Europe? There are drugs that fight malaria, the most famous of which is probably chloroquine, one of the oldest drugs made by man. Chloroquine is one of now several drugs that have fought malaria to the tropics, but now has become almost useless against a new, drug resistant strain of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum has perhaps come to claim the title of the most virulent strain of malaria as well. Today it is certainly the deadliest, requiring specialized treatment that might not exist in the poorer tropic regions where it is most rampant. Even now, research against this strain of malaria is ongoing, in the hope to find a cure. Where can this be found? One of the most explored methods is optimizing the drugs we have, particularly chloroquine. I... ... I made in GaussView should not be considered the only or even the best changes. For instance, replacing all the nitrogens with oxygens, I completely changed how it would react to acidic conditions. The extra rings I added increased the molecular weight, in some cases to huge proportions that violated lipinskis rules. By changing the way this molecule bonds, very likely I made this drug very poisonous. It could take years, but eventually this drug could be optimized to fight plasmodium again. Perhaps humanity’s defense against malaria will again come from this nearly antique drug. Plasmodium in the blood. Bibliography weblogs.madrimasd.org/images/weblogs_madrimas WebMed. Malaria. July 12, 2008 Westerfield, Scott. Peeps. Razorbill, 2006. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Chloroquine. July 16, 2008. Zimmer, Carl. Parasite Rex. Simon and Schuster, 2000.

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

Weller like† â€Å"bottle, glass and violin â€Å"Queering†, and † dove of peace. † Picasso had four paintings in the list of the top 10 highest auction price paintings. In an opinion poll he had been overwhelmingly elected to the greatest artist of the 20th century. And he is the first artist seen his works collected into the Louvre alive. Once, Picasso father found he was painting an unfinished sketch of a pigeon. After observing the precision of his son's technique, Picasso father realized that his 13 years old son has surpassed him, and he swore that he will never paint again.Picasso is a genius painter. Most of Picasso paintings have rich styling, which meaner the use of space color and line. 20th century is a fast changing world, and this century belongs to Picasso. After the age of 30, Picasso entered one after another restless exploration period. Just like his personal life, his works are lack of consistency, continuity and stability. He did not have fixed ideas like many other artists, which made his art fickle and elusive. The world never had an artist who restructured art like Picasso.Picasso had many influential paintings, and â€Å"Queering† was one of them. Picasso completed the painting of â€Å"Queering† in 1937. The medium of the painting is oil on canvas. â€Å"Queering† is primarily a war painting, offering a visual account of the devastating and chaotic impact of war on civilians. In this ABA 2 painting, people are screaming, crying and escaping from the bombing, some people are still alive, but some already dead. Humans and animals Jumbled together into a background of broken hard-edged geometric shapes, reminiscent of Cubism.Compare to Picasso other paintings in his Blue and Rose Periods the predominant color of â€Å"Queering† is mostly black, which might symbols death. Picasso Queering is most likely influenced by Francisco De Soya, a Spanish artist who often painted war paintings. 19 06 to 1909 was Picasso African Period. During this period Picasso Style which was strongly influenced by African sculpture and traditional African masks. â€Å"Less Demolishes Davidson† is an oil painting painted in 1907. Demolishes Davidson† was a name given by the French poet And © Salmon. The painting was originally called â€Å"El Border Davidson†. The painting was influenced by Paul Cezannes â€Å"The Bathers†. Picasso stroke out two men figures in the painting and only pet the five women figures. The reductionism and contortion of space in the painting was incredible, and dislocation of faces explosive. This painting exposed the true genius and novelty of Picasso passion. The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes.Three figures in the painting exhibit facial features in the Iberian style of Picasso native Spain, while the other two are shown with African mask features. Picasso African Period laid a so lid foundation for the Cubist revolution. Picasso made valuable contributions to art throughout his entire life. Pablo Picasso was born in a poor family in southern Spain. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. The family moved to A Corona in 1891, because Picasso father became a professor at the School of Fine Arts.Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. At the age of 7, Picasso father started to train him about sketch and painting. And during the trainings Picasso showed that he had thoroughly grasped naturalistic conventions at a very young age. In 1895, Picasso 7 year old sister Contain died of diphtheria. And Picasso was traumatized by her death. After some incomplete sessions of art school in Barcelona ABA 3 and Madrid, Picasso spent his adolescence associating with the group of Catalan modernists who gathered at Else Equate Cats in Barcelona.From there he moved to Paris, where he quickly found l ikened poets and painters. His work began to attract serious critical attention and praise by the time he was twenty. His first mature work was around 1901, which is classified as his Blue Period. He painted anecdotal scenes of clowns, vagrants, and prostitutes, all in tones of blue. Important early works include his â€Å"Self- Portrait† (1901) and â€Å"La Vie† (1903). As the time moved forward, Picasso painting developed, and he met the right people in Paris. In 1904, he met Oliver a Bohemia model and they fell in love, and his Rose Period began.His subject matter remained much the same compare to his Blue Period, but his tones were warmer, rosier with orange and pink colors, and the atmosphere of his paintings was gayer. And Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings. This is sometimes called Picasso Rose Period, but really there was no marked technical change between this and the Blue Period. Picasso African influenced Period was during 1907 to 1909 and formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows.During 1909 to 1912 Picasso and Georges Braque's developed Cubism. Cubism is one of the most radical restructuring of the way that a work of art constructs its meaning. Cubism is a term that was derived from a reference made to geometric schemes and cubes. Cubism has been known as the first and the most influential of all movements in 20th century art. Before Picasso did any cubism paintings, there were works exhibiting a raw intensity and violence due to his reading of monoester art aligned with European primitivism.This contrasting position provided the dynamic for Picasso work. In his paintings such as Mother and Child, Picasso showed the fetishistic and simplifying aspects of primitivism. In his paintings Picasso used bright hues and subdued grays and earth colors. And he found out that shapes could have meaning and identities by their arrangement. Pablo Picasso died on 8 April 1973 in No ggins, France. And he was buried in the grounds of a chi ¤attain the village of Buenaventura in the south of France.But his contribution for art secured his immortality ABA 4 Pablo Picasso a genius artist in the 20th century, made tremendous contributions to art throughout his entire life. Throughout his life, he created hundreds and thousands of paintings with different styles, from Surrealist to neo-classical, shows that his artistic vitality transcends any one style. When people asked about the secret of his artistic creation, he replied â€Å"People don't realize what they have when they own a picture by me. Each picture is a phial with my blood. That is what has gone into it. † Pablo Picasso is a real genius. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Weller like† â€Å"bottle, glass and violin â€Å"Queering†, and † dove of peace. † Picasso had four paintings in the list of the top 10 highest auction price paintings. In an opinion poll he had been overwhelmingly elected to the greatest artist of the 20th century. And he is the first artist seen his works collected into the Louvre alive. Once, Picasso father found he was painting an unfinished sketch of a pigeon. After observing the precision of his son's technique, Picasso father realized that his 13 years old son has surpassed him, and he swore that he will never paint again.Picasso is a genius painter. Most of Picasso paintings have rich styling, which meaner the use of space color and line. 20th century is a fast changing world, and this century belongs to Picasso. After the age of 30, Picasso entered one after another restless exploration period. Just like his personal life, his works are lack of consistency, continuity and stability. He did not have fixed ideas like many other artists, which made his art fickle and elusive. The world never had an artist who restructured art like Picasso.Picasso had many influential paintings, and â€Å"Queering† was one of them. Picasso completed the painting of â€Å"Queering† in 1937. The medium of the painting is oil on canvas. â€Å"Queering† is primarily a war painting, offering a visual account of the devastating and chaotic impact of war on civilians. In this ABA 2 painting, people are screaming, crying and escaping from the bombing, some people are still alive, but some already dead. Humans and animals Jumbled together into a background of broken hard-edged geometric shapes, reminiscent of Cubism.Compare to Picasso other paintings in his Blue and Rose Periods the predominant color of â€Å"Queering† is mostly black, which might symbols death. Picasso Queering is most likely influenced by Francisco De Soya, a Spanish artist who often painted war paintings. 19 06 to 1909 was Picasso African Period. During this period Picasso Style which was strongly influenced by African sculpture and traditional African masks. â€Å"Less Demolishes Davidson† is an oil painting painted in 1907. Demolishes Davidson† was a name given by the French poet And © Salmon. The painting was originally called â€Å"El Border Davidson†. The painting was influenced by Paul Cezannes â€Å"The Bathers†. Picasso stroke out two men figures in the painting and only pet the five women figures. The reductionism and contortion of space in the painting was incredible, and dislocation of faces explosive. This painting exposed the true genius and novelty of Picasso passion. The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes.Three figures in the painting exhibit facial features in the Iberian style of Picasso native Spain, while the other two are shown with African mask features. Picasso African Period laid a so lid foundation for the Cubist revolution. Picasso made valuable contributions to art throughout his entire life. Pablo Picasso was born in a poor family in southern Spain. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. The family moved to A Corona in 1891, because Picasso father became a professor at the School of Fine Arts.Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. At the age of 7, Picasso father started to train him about sketch and painting. And during the trainings Picasso showed that he had thoroughly grasped naturalistic conventions at a very young age. In 1895, Picasso 7 year old sister Contain died of diphtheria. And Picasso was traumatized by her death. After some incomplete sessions of art school in Barcelona ABA 3 and Madrid, Picasso spent his adolescence associating with the group of Catalan modernists who gathered at Else Equate Cats in Barcelona.From there he moved to Paris, where he quickly found l ikened poets and painters. His work began to attract serious critical attention and praise by the time he was twenty. His first mature work was around 1901, which is classified as his Blue Period. He painted anecdotal scenes of clowns, vagrants, and prostitutes, all in tones of blue. Important early works include his â€Å"Self- Portrait† (1901) and â€Å"La Vie† (1903). As the time moved forward, Picasso painting developed, and he met the right people in Paris. In 1904, he met Oliver a Bohemia model and they fell in love, and his Rose Period began.His subject matter remained much the same compare to his Blue Period, but his tones were warmer, rosier with orange and pink colors, and the atmosphere of his paintings was gayer. And Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings. This is sometimes called Picasso Rose Period, but really there was no marked technical change between this and the Blue Period. Picasso African influenced Period was during 1907 to 1909 and formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows.During 1909 to 1912 Picasso and Georges Braque's developed Cubism. Cubism is one of the most radical restructuring of the way that a work of art constructs its meaning. Cubism is a term that was derived from a reference made to geometric schemes and cubes. Cubism has been known as the first and the most influential of all movements in 20th century art. Before Picasso did any cubism paintings, there were works exhibiting a raw intensity and violence due to his reading of monoester art aligned with European primitivism.This contrasting position provided the dynamic for Picasso work. In his paintings such as Mother and Child, Picasso showed the fetishistic and simplifying aspects of primitivism. In his paintings Picasso used bright hues and subdued grays and earth colors. And he found out that shapes could have meaning and identities by their arrangement. Pablo Picasso died on 8 April 1973 in No ggins, France. And he was buried in the grounds of a chi ¤attain the village of Buenaventura in the south of France.But his contribution for art secured his immortality ABA 4 Pablo Picasso a genius artist in the 20th century, made tremendous contributions to art throughout his entire life. Throughout his life, he created hundreds and thousands of paintings with different styles, from Surrealist to neo-classical, shows that his artistic vitality transcends any one style. When people asked about the secret of his artistic creation, he replied â€Å"People don't realize what they have when they own a picture by me. Each picture is a phial with my blood. That is what has gone into it. † Pablo Picasso is a real genius.

Coca Cola Essay

Historically, many companies and corporations have received recognition for their growth and success over time. However, although praised, discoveries of controversial issues lead consumers to question various companies’ ethics and operations. Coca-Cola, or simple coke, has existed for over a century, originating in Atlanta, Georgia in 1892, and eventually expanding and providing drinks internationally. Today, the company produces concentrate, which then sells to Coke licensed bottlers internationally; and ultimately ending up sold to retail stores and vending machines for consumers to purchase. Along with the regular â€Å"coke†, the company has also been able to produce other cola branded drinks including water, energy drinks and coffee. The most common of all, Diet Coke; others include Caffeine-Free Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coke Cherry, Coke Zero and Coke Vanilla. All of which could be found in over 200 countries within the year 2013, with consumers drinking at the least 1.8 million servings each day, according to the book, Citizen Coke: An Environmental and Political History of the Coke Company (Elmore p. 717). However, while extremely popular and high in demand, the Coke Company has faced much controversial issues from the public in India throughout its years of growth. Out of every country that Coke operates in, India has the fastest growing market (KillerCoke). From the start of production in 1999 to present day, Coke has spent $2 billion and will continue to spend an addition $5 billion in India. According to the article Coke rejigs bottling arm management, Coke has a plan to pursue expansion for the following few years (until 2020) in India with the plan to double their revenues to $200 billion (TOI). India is among the top seven markets globally for Coke, the CEO of Hindustan Coke stated â€Å"we have made significant investments in the marketplace and as we get ready to further accelerate growth, it is very important to develop a high quality talent pipelines. This team will work closely with Coke India to achieve our 2020 vision.† Part of their expansion was focused on a plan t in Mehdiganj, India. The emerging markets with Coke like India and China will result in about 60% of the incremental sales volume growth (TOI). According to the book Business and its Environment, 80 percent of the world’s population lives in emerging markets countries, and 90 percent of the world’s population growth will be in these countries over the next 30 years (Baron p.477) The start of production for a few of their bottlers in India has raised issues because of  Coke’s use of the water supply of nearby villages. Amit Srivastaba, of the India Resource Center, a center that works to support movements against corporate globalization in India said, â€Å"Three communities in India — Plachimada in Kerala, Wada in Maharashtra and Mehdiganj in Uttar Pradesh — are experiencing severe water shortages as a result of Coke’s mining of the majority of the common groundwater resources around its facilities (KillerCoke).† One of their issues comes from its production in Mehdiganj, near Varanasi, India, that has been in operation since 1999, and has been the center of attention in many surrounding villages since 2003 and especially after Coke announced that they are planning to expand by $25 million. In August of 2012, according to the article Coke Abandons Expansion Plans in India Because of Water, the company halted their plans to expand in Mehdiganj because of a delay in a no-objection certificate and locals becoming concerned about environmental dangers (The Wire). Organizations such as the India Resource Center and others who organize protests increase the awareness of issues, and therefore private regulation have been made an alternative to government regulations. As a result, the strategy Coke had all along failed to see through when the locals did not approve of their actions. If Coke does not have an affective nonmarket strategy in place for their activities in other countries, major opportunities can close when issues of any kind arise. A nonmarket strategy is important to avoid government regulations and to keeping the company’s opportunities open. Aside from the government, the company’s opportunities can also be controlled by private politics such as protests, public criticism, interest groups as well as public sentiment towards the company. (Baron p.31). The other factor that can affect opportunities is moral concerns, which Coke seems to be going through this issue right now. Coke should formulate a policy that oversees the use of water in India, which is the major concern of groups in private politics. Interest groups that are in play from the surrounding villages in India include: anti-coke nongovernmental activist groups, Varanasi-based activist, environmentalist, politicians, farmers and the villagers that have created lives in sur rounding areas. Leading from within these interest groups is The Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board; a statutory organization entrusted to implement Environmental Laws and rules within the jurisdiction of the state  of Uttar Pradesh, India (UPPCB). The Control Board had found that Coke violated a number of conditions of its license that had to do with the use of water. The company had not yet obtained clearance for the extraction of groundwater from the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), a government agency that monitors and regulates the process in water-stressed areas (The economic Times). But Coke had some objections to these accusations. According to Coke, a Central Ground Water Authority report from 2012 stated that the reduction of groundwater in the area was not due to their company. According to the article UP pollution board shuts down Coke’s Varanasi unit, the maker of sprite said in a statement that the plant in Mehdiganj has complied with regulatory approvals and applicable laws in India (The Economic Times). Despite these statements, according to the Central Ground Water Authority, the groundwater in Mehdiganj has gone from â€Å"safe† back in 1999 when Coke got back into operating in India to â€Å"critical† in 2009. The closure order by the Central Ground Water Authority stated that Coke increased its production capacity from 20,000 cases to 36,000 cases a day without the board’s permission. Similar to this problem was one in 2004, when one of the 68 Coke plant in Plachimada, Kerala was shut down over accusations that the operation led to the reduction of groundwater (see Exhibit #1). The company faces legislation holding it liable for $47 million in damages (The Economic Times). Initially, Coke had looked beneficial for the local economy, but then the regulations and protesters hit the company as a result from the critically low levels of water. Although this may have halted the company’s expansion plan of $25 million into Varanasi, Coke is seeking permission from the Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board to expand into Mehdiganj. With authorization, they will increase productivity by opening a second bottling line. However, the struggle continues as the recent closure has already inspired other protest to start, starting problems down the company’s future operations in their bottling factories. Over 10 years ago, a protest by farmers and anti-globalization activist successfully launched a â€Å"Quit India† campaign in order to stop Coke’s expansion into Varanasi. Many villages are saying big companies like Coke are coming into India and using their drinking water, even when levels are critically low for basic living consumption (see Exhibit #2). According to  the article Coke has a bottler of a headache in India; the level of water for the villagers became even lower as Coke proceeds to operate in India. Amar Signh Rathor, a farmer in the village Mehdiganj, has noticed the continuous decline of water levels by simply observing his own well. Within three years, the water level below his water table has fallen by over 18 meters. Most of the population of Mehdiganj (approximately 10,000 people) blamed Coke for the shocking decrease in their water supply (Sydney Morning Herald P.13). The plant that is to blame is at the edge of the village. A villager named Shakuntala Devi said, â€Å"If the Coke plant isn’t closed it will be impossible to live here (Sydney Morning Herald P.13).† Coke violates human rights for the people of India by taking their water and in the process they damage the environment. According to the article Coke’s Crimes in India, they are draining a vast majority of groundwater from farms and turning farming communities into virtual desserts. These farmers livelihood that have been destroyed have resulted in a increase of suicide, and everyday for many years now, there are protests of some sort, big or small, against Coke’s abuse in India (KillerCoke). On November 24, 2004, a protest outside of the Mehdiganj plant broke out and quickly turned violent. Multiple villagers had attempted to break the barrier of the police in order to reach Coke property, resulting in a defensive attack in return from the police. Organizers stated that there were approximately 2,000 people – mainly woman and youth – who took part in the protest, although Coke reported a much smaller number. This was the first of many protests to start, even though they were at a smaller scale. In this protest alone, two hundred villagers were reportedly arrested during the brawl (Sydney Morning Herald P.13). According to the article Indian villagers want Coke plant shut amid water fears, later in June of 2007, four hundred people marched and rallied at the Varanasi district magistrate’s (DM) office, demanding that the Coke bottling plant in Mehdiganj be shut down effective immediately. Within the four hundred, included people from twenty different villages, all of who submitted a letter to the district magistrate, Vina Kumari Meena, drawing attention to the water shortage and pollution of groundwater and land caused  by Coke’s operation. The letter demanded that the operation be shut down (Monitoring South Asia). Due to the severity of the situation, the director of The District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) declared the water issues in India as â€Å"dark zoned†. A â€Å"dark zone† category infers that ground water resources are over-exploited, and more than 85 percent of the total recharging of ground water resources is being extracted, which resulted in all new underground installations being approved by the government (BBC Monitoring South Asia). Accusations of unethical acts against the environment can lead to nongovernmental organizations forming, which affect the organization in question by mobilizing people to work for causes. â€Å"These groups have been instrumental in advancing the causes of environmental protection, health and safety protection for consumers, and civil and human rights (Baron p.75).† The lead of the campaign Lok Semiti (People’s Committee), a nongovernmental organization that is against Coke, Nandlal Master, said â€Å"When people themselves do not have enough water to meet their basic water needs, why should Coke be allowed to siphon hundreds of thousands of liters of water every day (BBC Monitoring South Asia)?† But the issues with Coke go beyond the use of water and its reduction impacting a majority of the villages. Coke provides waste product from their operation to farmers as fertilizers for their crops. A BBC study found that the fertilizer contains toxic chemicals, stating, â€Å"Dangerous levels of the known carcinogen cadmium have been found in the sludge produced from the plant in the southern state of Kerala (BBC news).† Face the Facts, an investigative journalism for BBC, sent presenter, John Waite, to further investigate the allegations. Part of the investigation consisted of sending a sludge sample to the University of Exeter in the UK, and the results were very alarming. The test revealed that the sludge was a useless fertilizer that contained the toxic metals cadmium and lead. David Santillo, a senior scientist at the university’s lab, affirmed that the levels of cadmium and lead have not only contaminated that sludge provided to the farmers, but the entire water supply as well. The levels are  way above those approved by the World Health Organization. Britain’s leading poison expert, professor John Henry, said, â€Å"The results have devastating consequences for those living near the areas where this waste has been dumped and for the thousands who depend on crops produced in these fields (BBC News).† The professor is correct to assume these consequences because cadmium is a poison that can accumulate in the kidneys and with repeat exposure it can cause kidney failure. Lead is also dangerous, and more to children than to anyone else. Even at low levels, lead can cause mental retardation and even anemia, a blood deficiency (BBC News). The professor also explains that with the levels of chemicals in the water, pregnant women in the villages in India consuming from the farm’s goods can fall vulnerable to miscarriages, stillbirths and premature births. After these alarming results, more test where conducted on the soft drinks. In the year 2003, the Centre of Science and Environment (CSE), a non-for-profit and nongovernmental organization based in New Delhi, India, tested 12 cold soft drinks (Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Diet Pepsi, Mirinda Orang, Mirinda Lemon, Blue Pepsi, 7-Up, Fanta, Limca, Sprite, Thumbs Up and of course Coke). The article, Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE, based in India was the one to write about the cold drinks, which included 2 big companies, Pepsi and Coke. Both companies failed health standards when both drinks tested positive for pesticides. The tests from three samples of each of these Pepsi and Coke brand drinks that was conducted by the Pollution Monitoring Laboratory (PML) of the Centre of Science and Environment showed that the samples contained residues of four very toxic pesticides and insecticides: lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos. These four pesticides are known to cause cancer, damage the nervous and reproductive system, and severely damage the immune system (Rediff) . These tests were conducted in the year 2003 from April to August with samples from across the city. The samples from Coke were found to contain pesticides that exceeded global standards by 30 times the limit at 0.0150 mg/l, with the EEC limit of total pesticides being at 0.0005 mg/l. Coke defended its position by saying their plants use a multiple barrier system to remove potential contaminants and unwanted natural substances including  iron, sulfur, heavy metals as well as pesticides, â€Å"Our products in India are safe and are tested regularly to ensure that they meet the same rigorous standards we maintain across the world (Rediff).† But despite these statements the citizens of India seem to believe the Centre of Science and Environment, as sales have been impacted in the so-called safe and high-quality drink and investors from the company in India have lost confidence (Coke India). Looking at the nonmarket issue cycle, Coke is way past the issue identification, interest group formation, legislation, and has now reached the Administration phase in India (see Exhibit #3). The issues were identified soon after they got back into India in 1999. Villagers, farmers and environmentalist noticed the problem, starting many groups interested in the closure of these factories, sparking the many protests stated above. Legislations already started within the Indian Parliament banning Coke drinks from its cafeterias. Amit Srivastaba, of the India Resource Center, stated that the ban came as a result of tests by the Indian government and private laboratories, which found high concentrations of pesticides and insecticides in the cola drinks (Indian Resource Center). If Coke wants to prevent their company from becoming the next Enron in the ethical sense, they need to take the right action now before they sink too low in unethical actions and laws of the government that are way out of their control start to enforce legislations. Enron was a energy company that was found out to be engaging in unethical marketing malpractices including; misrepresentation of reports regarding the financial position of the organization in order to continue from benefiting from the investments provided by the stakeholders, a false energy crisis to gain more money from investors and finally, executives of the company embezzled money from unsuspecting investors which led to the bankruptcy of the company. Coke’s name is a global brand that can definitely work its way out of the unethical characteristics in the communities of the countries it operates in by simply providing the same quality of goods around the world. So far, Coke’s way of handling the issues in India has been very questionable. Their strategy thus far is to globalize their company no  matter the cost, ethically and environmentally. Protesters from many interest groups have eliminated many opportunities for Coke and have been attacking the company for over exploitation and pollution of water that is already dangerously low. Interestingly, Coke responds with public relations scams, deceptive statements and points out awards of how they are corporate socially responsible (KillerCoke). The article Coke’s crimes in India further expands by saying that Coke stated, â€Å"For four consecutive years, Coke plants in India have won the prestigious Golden Peacock Environment Management Award for environmental practices from the Institute of Directors, which grants the award in association with the World Environment Foundation.† Similar remarks were made in late 2005 when the company claimed to be recognized for being a ‘Water Efficient Unit’ by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) (KillerCoke). Coke continued on with their misleading information in 2007 at two Canadian college campuses about their activities in India and Colombia. Coke bragged that The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI), described as â€Å"an Indian-based nonprofit research organization,† had â€Å"begun an assessment of our company’s water resource management practices in India (KillerCoke).† TERI is a respected Dehli-based nongovernmental organization with deep experience in sustainability issues, and Coke falsely stated they were working closely with them on their water management. However, Coke already began to make social responsibility a top priority by investing in new innovations and plant processes to help make more improvement moving forward. The Coke webpage of the UK indicates that outside of their plants they attempt to replenish more than 100 percent of the water that they use by creating rainwater harvesting structures, restoring ponds, and leading interventions that fo cus on improving water efficiency, among other things. And by 2012 they met their goal and exceeded it to 110 percent of water replenished throughout India (Coke UK). From the article Villagers to Coke: ‘Go away’; In India, foes claim company is depleting water supply, a Coke spokesman stated the shortage of monsoons in India from June to October is to blame for water depletion affecting India’s agriculture. Harry Ott, the director of Coke’s Global Center for Water Excellence said, â€Å"If the monsoons are good, these problems don’t come up.† Today in mehdiganj â€Å"the land around  Coke’s plant looks lush. Fields brim with mustard plants, potatoes, peppers, wheat and rice (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution).† But the struggle continues as people focus more on the bad rather than the good. Coke like many other businesses focuses on the profitable side of their operation, without realizing the environmental damages it can cause to surrounding communities. When Coke is looking into the future of the company, it is looking to double their revenues more than working on a nonmarket strategy that will prevent interest groups from the communities they operate in to question the company’s morals. Doubling their revenues further proves that Coke, being the number one beverage company in the world, has some money to play with. In Kala Dera, protests are starting because of the lack in Coke’s corporate social responsibility, leading back to the use of water and the damage being done to the communities around it. In 2010, shareholders at a meeting taking place in Duluth, Georgia, were told by Amit Srivastaba of the India Resource center, â€Å"It is only a matter of time before the Coke company will be held financially and criminally liable for their operations in water-stressed areas in India.† He continued by stating â€Å"The company management is being seriously derelict in its duties by not acknowledging the real exten t of the liabilities Coke has incurred and continues to incur in India (KillerCoke).† By investing a few million dollars a year of the billions of earnings they have reached ever since the late nineteenth century when the company first got started, they will be showing the shareholders that Coke is doing something to get on the right track. Coke could start with compensation of the crops that farmers lost when they initially started to operate in India, and also assure the farmers that Coke is investing in new innovations to solve the water issue so it will not be a problem in the long-run. Also, Coke could invest into the education in India by opening new schools; increase awareness of diseases through nongovernmental programs, as well as investing in the communities in which their bottling factories reside. With the issues out for the public to read about, it should be an incentive for the company to not continue down this horrific path in developing countries. Other things Coke should considering doing for the sake of their image is stepping up in community service, donations focused to help clean up the streets that their distributors travel in, donations to nongovernment organization, show the public that  they are actually working to stop the shortage and contamination of water without spreading lies of what they are actually doing. One way to do is by continuing their activities so far to stop the shortage of water and further help the environment by planting trees. The article Trees Reduce Air Pollution mentions that trees can help with the gas pollutants from the factories by absorbing them through the pours in the leaf surface (DNR). Furthermore, the company can look to work with the nongovernmental organization TERI in efforts to better sustainability of water resources, instead of just talking about doing it because in the end actions speak louder than words. Bibliography â€Å"Coke rejigs bottling arm management.† The Times of India (TOI). (September 24, 2013 Tuesday ): 425 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2014/12/15.Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board. June 5, 2014 â€Å"UP pollution board shuts down Coke’s Varanasi unit.† The Economic Times. (June 19, 2014 Thursday ): 430 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2014/12/15. â€Å"Coke has a bottler of a headache in India.† Sydney Morning Herald (Australia). (February 17, 2005 Thursday ): 1181 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2014/12/15. â€Å"Indian villagers want Coke plant shut amid water fears.† BBC Monitoring South Asia – Political Supplied by BBC Worldwide Monitoring. (June 7, 2007 Thursday ): 622 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2014/12/15. June 7, 2007 Thursday â€Å"Villagers to Coke: ‘Go away’; In India, foes claim company is depleting water supply .† The Atlanta Journal-Cons titution. (May 29, 2005 Sunday ): 1908 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2014/12/15. UP Pollution Control Board, Lucknow (UP Pollution Control Board, Lucknow). Was Accessed http://www.uppcb.com/ â€Å"Indian Resource Center. PRESS: Groundwater Levels Continue Downward Spiral Around Coke Plant.† March 11, 2010. Was Accessed http://www.indiaresource.org/news/2010/1001.html India Resource Center. Coke – Mehdiganj – The Issues. March 7, 2013. http://www.indiaresource.org/campaigns/coke/2013/mehdiganjfact.html Ray Rogers. â€Å"Coke’s Crimes in India.† Campaign to Stop Killer Coke | Coke’s Crimes in India. Killer Coke. Was Accessed http://killercoke.org/crimes_india.php Was Accessed http://www.cseindia.org/ â€Å"Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE.† Was Accessed. http://www.rediff.com/money/2003/aug/05pepsicoke.htm Coke India. Was Accessed http://www.Cokeindia.com/facts&myths/varanasi.html Coke India. Was Accessed http://www.Cokeindia.com â€Å"Easy Guide to Understanding ENRON Scandal Summary.† (Enron Scandal Summary). 2013 Was Accessed http://finance.laws.com/enron-scandal-summary â€Å"Coca‑Cola’s water is used responsibly in its operations in India : FAQ (Coke GB).† 2010. Was Accessed http://www.Coke.co.uk/faq/community/responsible-Coke-water-use-in-operations-in-india.html â€Å"Trees Reduce Air Pollution.† Was Accessed http://www.dnr.state.md.us/forests/publications/urban2.html Mosendz, Polly. â€Å"Coke Abandons Expansion Plans in India Because of Water.† August 26, 2014. Was Accessed http://www.thewire.com/business/2014/08/Coke-abandons-india-production-expansion/379128/ Elmore, J Bartow. 2013, Citizen Coke: An Environmental and Political History of the Coke Company. P. 717 Baron, David P. Business and Its Environment. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education, 2012. 784. Print.

the father essays

the father essays This essay sets out to assess the relative achievements of the totalitarian regimes of Hitlers Nazi Germany and Stalins Russia. In assessing the achievements of the regimes we must be careful not to judge them with the values of a western democracy at the end of the twentieth century. How they achieved power, consolidated that power, what changes they brought to their nations and what they in their time achieved for their nation, whether or not it was a lasting benefit, were achievements for the regimes even if we find them contrary to what we believe to be right and just by todays standards. Also in making an assessment of the achievements it would be wrong not to recognise the suffering that the people in each country had to endure for them to be achieved. Both regimes owe their rise to power in part to the outcomes of WW 1 which led to the revolution in each country.. The Bolsheviks came to power because of the discontent with the Tsars and the losses in the war against Germany. The Nazis because of the dissatisfaction in Germany with blame and the cost of reparations imposed upon it for the war. There were major differences between what the two regimes wanted to achieve. Russia in 1917 was basically an agrarian economy and the regime aimed not only to change the political system but all the social structure and institutions and rebuild into a Communist State. It also wanted to develop into an industrial power. However, in Germany the revolution that took place in 1918 changed Germanys political system but the social structure stayed the same. Even though the monarchy no longer existed the old institutions altered very little, and there were no basic changes within the teaching profession or the judiciary, mainly because the professi ons had little sympathy with the struggling republic. This was true also of most of the officer corps of the Reichwehr. The Treaty of Versailles basically left the German Empi...

Athletic Involvement

College Essay Topic #2 7 Essay Tips for Writing a College Application Essay About Your Sports/Athletic Involvement Almost as popular as the â€Å"My Grandmother† college application essay is the essay about sports.   If you are planning to write a sports essay, you risk boring the admissions committee as much as would a mediocre ballgame. Here are some tips to make sure your college application essay about your sports involvement makes a good impression: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whatever you do, do NOT write an entire play-by-play essay about the â€Å"Big Game† – even if you scored the winning touchdown or home run. This topic is way overdone.   You can certainly write a paragraph about the game, but then move on to another aspect of your sports involvement. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consider writing about the experience of being on a team.   What does it take on a day to day basis?   What have you learned?   How have you grown?   How have you balanced your commitment to sports with your academics? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Don’t be afraid to write about your shortcomings.   If you start in a place where you didn’t know something, or where you weren’t on your best behavior, or even where you were injured, then you have somewhere to go/grow to. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consider writing about your particular role in the team dynamics.   Do you have a leadership role?   If so, what’s your leadership style and how does that style show up in other parts of your life? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consider writing about what it takes to play your particular position.   Offense?   Defense?   Pitcher?   Outfield?   Team play or individual sport? What metaphors can you draw from the position you play or from your strengths in the game? Do you find yourself playing a similar role in life to the one you play on the court or the field or maybe even the opposite role? For instance, if you play offense, do you end up being aggressive about winning or going after things in other aspects of life?   Or has playing offense taught you strategies to defend yourself or your positions in life? 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stay humble even if you are a big winner!   You can share impressive facts and showcase your talent as long as you really share something about what you’ve learned and how you’ve grown. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Talk about people and other topics that interest you, not just about the game.   If you’re all about the game, you don’t show your ability to interact with future classmates and you miss out on opportunities to sell yourself to the committee.   Colleges are looking for leaders – and leadership takes more than winning a game. For examples of successful college essays, The Essay Expert recommends Accepted!   50 Successful College Admissions Essays by Gen and Kelly Tanabe. Still not sure how to write a great college application essay about your sport?   Contact The Essay Expert for a FREE 15 minute consultation.

Cover Letter Sample Applying for Editorial Assistant Job

Cover Letter Sample Applying for Editorial Assistant Job SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not everyone applying for a job has years of professional experience behind them. This next sample cover letter's geared toward an entry-level position in the publishing industry. The applicant has had a relevant internship, plus a summer jobat her local bookstore. In lieu of more extensiveexperience, she makes sure her enthusiasm for the position and company shines through. Read on to see how the writer shows her passion for publishing, and then check out theanalysis below of what this cover letter does well. Cover Letter Sample: Editorial Assistant MaryEntel E. 15th St.New York, NY 230 May 1, 2016 Rita BookmanEditor-in-ChiefCooper Books Publishing House74 Reading StreetNew York, New York 10020 Dear Ms. Bookman, I was pleased to find your posting for an Editorial Assistant with Coffeehouse Books on MediaBistro.com. As an English literature major with a passion for the written word, I am committed to working in the publishing industry following graduation. I’m especially excited about your publishing company because you represent two of my favorite authors, Tim Smith and Anne Lee. I'm confident that I have the skills and experiences to add substantial contributions to Coffeehouse Books. Last fall, I gained practical experience in the publishing industry as an intern at Dharma Publishing House. I collaborated with members of the editorial staff on projects that included reading and reporting on manuscript submissions, editing promotional materials, and completing fact checks. In particular, I edited three social science works to publication-ready state using Chicago Manual of Style guidelines. My knowledge of grammar and style would allow me to step right into editorial work as an Editorial Assistant with your company. Beyond my editorial experience, I would also bring a rich knowledge of literature. I studied English at NYU, maintaining a 3.8 GPA, and worked at my local bookstore during the summers. At the bookstore, I helped customers discover contemporary works - The Orphan Master’s Son and Swamplandia are two favorites - and organized events for speakers and book signings. Between my studies and work, I immersed myself in the world of fiction and nonfiction. My passion for reading underlies my commitment to this work, and I have the organizational and communication skills, along with the attention to detail, to excel in every aspect of the Editorial Assistant role. My life has been shaped by the written word, and I would be thrilled to contribute to Coffeehouse Books in the role of Editorial Assistant. I would welcome the opportunity to interview and can be reachedanytime at (555) 555-5555 or mary.entel@gmail.com. Thank you very much for your consideration. Sincerely, Mary Entel MaryEntel While Mary hasn't worked in publishing before, she's spent a lot of time around books working in her local bookstore. Editorial Assistant Cover Letter: The Breakdown In hercover letter for the position of Editorial Assistant, Maryexpresses herenthusiasm for the position. She shows that she has the skills - editorial, organization, communication - to do well in the role, and infuses herentire letter with a sense of excitement about working in the publishing industry. In herintroduction, Maryshows that she has some familiary with Coffeehouse Books, stating that the companyrepresents two of herfavorite authors. She describes herexperiences as an editorial intern, as well as herknowledge of literature as an English major and summer employee of herlocal bookstore. Maryends by restating her excitement about the position withCoffeehouse Books. After reading herletter, hopefully Editor-in-Chief Rita Bookman will be happy to engage with Mary in conversation about the Editorial Assistant position. In addition to the content of Mary's letter, let's take a closer look at its overall presentation. A Note on Format As you can see in the letter above, Maryformats her cover letter in a traditional way. She includes her name and address at the top, followed by the date and name and information of the hiring manager. This is a great approach if you're sending your cover letter by hard copy or as a Word attachment. For a lot of jobs, though, it's fine or even preferred to send your cover letter right in the body of an email. Still other jobs use their own application portal and want you to paste your information into a text box. In the latter two cases (body of the email and text box), it's usually fine to leave out all these headers. You can just start right in by addressing the hiring manager. Make sure you understand how to send your application materials and format your cover letter accordingly! What's Next? On to the next cover letter! Check out this cover letter sample for the position of Assistant Restaurant Manager. Care to read more samples? Head over to our full cover letter guide with six sample letters and tips for how to write a great one. Are you writing your own cover letter for a job application? Check out our great cover template to help you through the writing process, step by step.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 5

Case study - Essay Example The study takes into account the implications of social media from the context of customer as well as employees. It also analyzes social media as a tool for Customer Relationship Management. The study also highlights ways to implement social media in organizations. It suggests certain guidelines that must be followed by organizations while implementing social media in organizations. Finally an effort is also taken to include the measurement of success of social media with the balanced scorecard approach. The term â€Å"Social Media† generally refers to media dedicated for social interactions. Social media makes use of various online and web technologies to transform the media monologues into their sociable forms. In the contemporary context social media can be appropriately defined as a collection of web based applications which build the foundations of the internet. Social media has come a long way from being an exclusive element of IT domain to everyday social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, and blogs etc which command a huge reach and can drastically affect a firm’s business prospects. Social media has been effectively used by organizations as a tool for reaching out to their prospective customers. The growth of social media has been largely used by many organizations as a promotional tool. Moreover, with the advent of social networking and blogging sites, social media has become an important means of getting customer feedbacks about their products and services. These days many organizations have a dedicated department that handles social media related issues. Organizations need to frame their social media policies so that it provides them with the ways and means to deal with possible opportunities and threats. The spread and easy accessibility of the internet has taken away the luxury that used to exist when non web based sources were used as a social media tool (Kane, et al., n.d.). The use of social media enables organizations to get

Plate Tectonics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plate Tectonics - Research Paper Example is composed of plates that are in motion with respect to one another and that the majority of the deformation associated with this motion is concentrated along the plate boundaries (Fichter, 2000). Back in 1968, Morgain provided an explanation that plate tectonics constitutes "a kinematic model which describes the relative motion between the rigid plates that make up the outer shell of Earth" (Morgan, 73). Practically, the relative motion between the plates is accommodated by seafloor spreading and the creation of new plates at ocean ridges, subduction of the surface plate at ocean trenches, and strike-slip motion at transform faults which allows plate motion without creating or removing surface plates. The motion of the continents is facilitated by the movement of the lithospheric plates, and this transport of the continents is referred to as continental drift. Plate tectonics on Earth has been determined to have been in operation for at least two billion years and may well have bee n in operation much earlier (Cawood et al., 5). theory, with its collisional orogenies and other episodic events, was in some wise dependent or interdependent upon "new catastrophism." That is, though plate tectonics largely relies upon uniformitarianism as a basis of understanding plate motion and subsurface processes, it nevertheless proffers catastrophes and other episodic events that proceed at rates greater than those existing between events. Examples include mountain building, various volcanic processes, and sea-level change resulting from mid-oceanic ridge formation. Between 1908 and 1912, Frank B. Taylor, American geologist, and Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist and astronomer, working independently, proposed the idea that the continents were not fixed on the surface of the Earth but were slowly moving about. One point of Taylor's argument was that continental drift was needed to account for the folding and compression of the Alps and the Himalayas. Wegener was more influenced by the rough parallelism between the opp osing shores of the Atlantic and by evidence of climatic changes through geological time. Later Wegener proposed that all the Earth's land area was at one time "united in a single primordial supercontinent, which he named Pangaea, from Greek meaning 'all land" (Hallam, 93). The continents had shifted, becoming increasingly separated through millions of years. He believed that the continent were made up of light-weight granitic rocks, which like giant ships driven through the heavier basaltic seas (Hallam, 95). Wegener looked upon the continents as flexible masses instead of rigid plates. Some of his work was in error, for example, the amount of time involved in continental drift. Alfred Wegener established a tradition in geology and geophysics, according to which further development of theory of plate tectonics has been formed within the scientific debate over the ideas of stationary continents and continental drift. For instance, Hallam commented that "interpretation of how science

Human Genome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Genome - Essay Example Learning about the diseases imminent in one’s genetic code and sharing it with doctors could facilitate many new opportunities for and ways of curing common diseases. For instance if I receive a genetic test that states that I have a 85 percent chance of developing Parkinson’s disease, I will approach the associated medical experts with these results and will solicit their advice. I will ask them as to what is the realistic likelihood of me developing Parkinson’s disease and will also ask them regarding the medications and treatment I could avail to avoid developing the Parkinson’s disease or to slow down the progress of this disease if I ever develop it. Knowing about this in advance will endow me with much time and resources to deal with it. The biggest challenge before the researchers and research administrators conducting genetic trials is to find the fasters and easier ways of sequencing DNA (Lee, 1991). The other challenge is to decide as to how multiple human genes collaborate to control one single human trait (Lee, 1991). The researchers also need to know as to how to regulate and control gene

Non-Conventional Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Non-Conventional Terrorism - Assignment Example American Congress Office of Technological Assessment stated that the â€Å"the production of nuclear weapons is a more complicated process, it is most difficult to acquire such material and this process is more expensive (Levi, 2010).† Nuclear terrorism is a type of non-conventional terrorism in which terrorists use nuclear weapons in order to complete their mission of the savage and excessive killing of many people and mass destruction. It also the use of fissile materials in an attack, e.g., an attack on a nuclear energy plant with the aim of causing widespread and/or permanent harm to the environment. Studies show that biological weapon can be devastatingly easy. During the fourteenth century, the disease caused by the Tartars infected corpses over castle walls which results in the Black Death in which an approximated one-third of the whole population got killed (Mahan & Griset, 2008). As the United States is playing a leading role in the war against terrorism and confronti ng with the terrorist in different parts of the world. Therefore America might be the first target of the major terrorist organization which increases the risk of large-scale use of bacteria or viruses or toxins (biological weapons) as a weapon of mass destruction against U.S (Department of Homeland Security, 2008). These biological weapons could be used by the terrorist as it is believed that this capability is within their reach. According to the studies, the terrorist would probably use anthrax against the U.S; and if these terrorist organizations got succeeded in attacking any single city of America than this would kill hundreds of thousands of people (Department of Homeland Security, 2008).

Exelence in public sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exelence in public sector - Essay Example It is necessary to discuss strategies that AbilityOne Commission can adapt to improve their recruitment method and attract qualified candidates. In addition, it is crucial to examine the ability of the proposed plan to improve the performance of workers, enhance funding and determine the value of the project. Prior to making decisions on the best candidate, the agency will have a clear stipulation of job requirements and the qualities of needed for a particular job. In the past, the agency has not provided enough job descriptions. Consequently, there has been insufficient information concerning the rationale of a particular job, its position in the agency, job duties and productivity. A candidate will be required to provide information concerning his proficiency, quality of service and experience. Through this, the agency will attract competent and qualified candidates. The candidates will be evaluated during the recruitment process to establish whether they have the requisite requirements (Shorney, 2014). The procedure of job analysis would enable the agency to review of a particular job. The main objective of this plan is to examine the previous job description, candidate specification and come up with minor changes. It is necessary to change the duties and responsibilities, proficiency and experience to match the evolving environment. In addition, the agency will have to consider whether it is necessary to consider a particular job vacant and define whether it is full-time or part-time. In order to attract competent candidates, the agency will provide existing workers a chance to apply for a vacant position within the organization. Internal recruitment has many advantages. For example, it is morale boosting as it encourages workers to believe that there is room for progression within the agency. In addition, AbilityOne Commission will have additional information on competency and mind-set of an internal candidate and expedite

Compare the Motives and Results of the Bully Husbands Essay

Compare the Motives and Results of the Bully Husbands - Essay Example On the other hand, the image of masculinity has not altered much. Despite the waves of feminism and woman empowerment, men still occupy leadership roles at home and are expected to dominate the woman. What Western society classifies as male chauvinism in the 21st century was mainstream masculinity in the times of Shakespeare. Shakespeare’s plays, The Taming of the Shrew (1590) and The Winter’s Tale (1610) are two comedies in which the men had underlying motives for treating their wives the manner in which they did. The aftermath varies in both cases, yet the treatment is spawned from a sense of insecurity and constitutes an attempt to remain in control. In her society, there are the expectations and functions that every woman has to meet such as taking care of her husband and children.   If Bradstreet did not perform these duties as a family woman, her works would have been discredited. Her poetic works mainly relate her experience fulfilling the roles of wife, mother , and dedicated Christian. She lived in a conservative society where the woman is confined to the domestic sphere. Her poems focus on her life and more specifically her family life as her works are redolent with her love and devotion to her husband, and children and her God. The colonial puritan society embraced the sanctity of marriage and the oneness of both husband and wife, a relationship characterized by the prominence of the man and the subjectivity of the woman. The union between man and wife is consummated in the act of sexual intercourse and lasts in a faithful, monogamous marriage. Bradstreet incorporates Biblical doctrines relating to marriage into her works and consolidates conjugal love, oneness, harmony, unity, and chastity. The woman has to manifest stellar qualities as a virtuous Christian woman in the private sphere. She industriously sees after the home's needs maintaining her honor and integrity as a wife, mother and consummate homemaker. Shakespeare in The Taming of the Shrew and The Winter’s Tale involve two male protagonists, labeled as bullying husbands because of the way in which they treat their wives. Based on these plays, one observes that the bullying husband is typically one who demands the subjection of his wife. He generally employs techniques to systematically break down the woman’s assertiveness and he can also be physically and emotionally abusive. The Victorian perception of masculinity objectifies, belittles the woman, compelling childish submission of her and reinforced the power of the man. One facet of Petruchio is his mercenary character since his main motive was â€Å"to wive it wealthily† (Shakespeare, Act 1, Scene 2). In Shakespeare’s period as in modern times, money factored much in the forging of spousal relationships; therefore, love is not as important as a moneyed matrimony. In his determination to embark on a marriage of convenience, Petruchio’s preponderant concern was the eco nomic status of his wife. Beauty or good character formation was never a qualification in Petruchio’s eyes. Similar to an economic transaction, among his first questions to his prospective father-in-law, Baptista, Petruchio posed a question on the sum of the dowry. Even Katerina’s initial conduct toward him does not turn him off from marrying her. From the play’s commencement, Petruchio asserts that nothing would deter him. He would wed a woman â€Å"as foul as Florentius’ love/ As old as Sibly and as curst and shrewd as Socrates’

Exelence in public sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exelence in public sector - Essay Example It is necessary to discuss strategies that AbilityOne Commission can adapt to improve their recruitment method and attract qualified candidates. In addition, it is crucial to examine the ability of the proposed plan to improve the performance of workers, enhance funding and determine the value of the project. Prior to making decisions on the best candidate, the agency will have a clear stipulation of job requirements and the qualities of needed for a particular job. In the past, the agency has not provided enough job descriptions. Consequently, there has been insufficient information concerning the rationale of a particular job, its position in the agency, job duties and productivity. A candidate will be required to provide information concerning his proficiency, quality of service and experience. Through this, the agency will attract competent and qualified candidates. The candidates will be evaluated during the recruitment process to establish whether they have the requisite requirements (Shorney, 2014). The procedure of job analysis would enable the agency to review of a particular job. The main objective of this plan is to examine the previous job description, candidate specification and come up with minor changes. It is necessary to change the duties and responsibilities, proficiency and experience to match the evolving environment. In addition, the agency will have to consider whether it is necessary to consider a particular job vacant and define whether it is full-time or part-time. In order to attract competent candidates, the agency will provide existing workers a chance to apply for a vacant position within the organization. Internal recruitment has many advantages. For example, it is morale boosting as it encourages workers to believe that there is room for progression within the agency. In addition, AbilityOne Commission will have additional information on competency and mind-set of an internal candidate and expedite